Some emphasize the psychological effects of color, while others focus on the practical applications for artists and designers. Nowadays, there are countless variations of the color wheel. The artist can bring illuminated areas in the painting to the forefront of our perception and equally make other areas disappear into the darkness. The interplay of light and shadow can create interesting relations between light and dark. The light source can be either inside the space of the artwork or outside. The artist decides on the location of the light source and can choose between natural light (sun or moon) and artificial light (lamp, candle, fire, etc.). Depending on the lighting, objects, people and landscapes change their colors. Our perception and the effect of color on us are influenced by the interaction of color and light directly in the artwork. Autonomous Color: color that is completely detached from representational reference.Expressive Color: color that is detached from external conditions in order to represent certain moods. Apparent Color: Color that is determined by (colored) light and/or atmosphere.Functions of ColorsĬolors can be categorized into four different functions: The conscious use of different contrasts can help to better capture the moods of paintings. A gray surface appears blue next to a yellow surface.Įxperienced artists always work with one or more contrasts, but even amateur artists may already unconsciously use them in some of their artwork. The Simultaneous Contrast is created only when a work of art is looked at: The eye creates a non-existent complementary color.The Complementary Contrast involves two colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel.The Contrast of Extension describes different-sized color areas.The Contrast of Saturation describes different color saturations.The Cold-Warm Contrast describes colors associated with cold and warm temperatures.The Light-Dark Contrast describes different brightnesses and darknesses of a color.The Contrast of Hue describes a composition of continuous, rich colors.Itten distinguished between the following contrasts of color: The contrast of colors forms the basis for our perception of color and can start from the amounts of color, the hues of color, the intensity of color, the relationships of color to each other, and the application of color.
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